Georgia Septic Installer Practice Test

What is the main function of a septic tank?

1. To accelerate liquid waste distribution

2. To protect the soil absorption system from solids

3. To increase the volume of stored wastewater

4. To treat emerging wastewater before discharge

The correct answer is: To protect the soil absorption system from solids

The primary function of a septic tank is to protect the soil absorption system from solids. In a typical septic system, wastewater flows from a home into the septic tank, where it undergoes a natural treatment process. The tank provides a space where solid waste materials can settle to the bottom, forming a sludge layer, while lighter materials, such as oils and grease, float to the top, creating a scum layer. By separating solids and liquids, the septic tank ensures that only relatively clear liquid waste is sent out into the soil absorption system, allowing it to filter through the soil without becoming clogged with large particles. This separation is critical for the proper functioning and longevity of the entire septic system, preventing disruptions that could lead to system failure or environmental contamination. In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the main function of a septic tank. For example, while the tank does involve the handling of wastewater, its primary goal is not to accelerate distribution or increase storage volume. Additionally, while treatment of wastewater does occur as part of the overall process, the tank itself is primarily focused on solids separation, not comprehensive treatment before discharge.